Vertical Farming and Plant Factories: Engineering a Growing Season That Never Ends

Cooling or Power Failure Overheats a Lit Plant Factory Within Minutes Spreading One DLI Over a Longer Photoperiod Raises Plant-Factory Light-Use Efficiency Plant-Factory Transplant Production Gives Outdoor Seasons Uniform, Ready-to-Harden Seedlings Closed Plant Factories Grow Lettuce on a Fraction of Field Water Plant-Factory Biosecurity Excludes Pests with Air Locks, Clean Clothing, Filtered Air Plant-Factory Strawberries Pay Only with Premium Prices and Managed Indoor Pollination Red and Blue LEDs Drive Photosynthesis While Far-Red Light Expands Lettuce Leaves